This paper presents a review of neuro-linguistic studies on color categorization, developed using the oddball paradigm. The selection of research sources was conducted through Russian National Corpus, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science. This study undertook a comprehensive analysis of all relevant articles published within the last 15 years (with the earliest dating back to 2007). Through this analysis, traditional methodologies were identified and five thematic groups of research were established, all of which employed the oddball paradigm. The focus of neuro-linguistic research has been shown to be directed towards (1) studying the neurophysiological mechanisms of color categorization and their temporal parameters; (2) investigating the mechanisms of color categorization in preverbal infants; (3) examining the effect of lateralization; (4) analyzing inter- and intra-linguistic differences in color categorization; and (5) determining the neurophysiological correlates of artificial color categories. Paying particular attention to experimental design, principles of stimulus chromatic characteristics selection, and the results obtained by the authors will enable specialists in the field of theoretical, applied, and comparative linguistics to use the review presented in this article as a basis for planning and developing new experimental research in this area.

The article analyzes the functioning of the lexemes ‘edinstvo’ [unity] and ‘edinenie’ [unification] in the oral public speeches of the deputies of the prerevolutionary State Duma. The aim of the article is to systematize speech representations of the idea of unity on the example of the lexemes ‘edinstvo’ [unity] and ‘edinenie’ [unification] in the Russian parliamentary discourse of the early 20th century in a rhetorical-pragmatic aspect. The category of persuasive complex was used as an instrument for analyzing the persuasiveness of parliamentary discourse. It was established that the analyzed lexemes were actively used in the Russian parliamentary discourse of the early 20th century to express the semantics of integrativeness. Integrativeness, expressed by the analyzed lexemes, relates to many diverse topics, from family and court to opinions, principles, and views. Functional differences between the use of the lexemes ‘edinstvo’ [unity] and ‘edinenie’ [unification] were identified and analyzed. The persuasiveness of ‘edinstvo’ [unity] and ‘edinenie’ [unification] in the rhetorical practice of the prerevolutionary State Duma is associated with achieving a high degree of pathos in speeches through the use of these lexemes in their literal sense, developing epithets with them, and incorporating them into metaphors. It is proven that the use of the lexemes ‘edinstvo’ [unity] and ‘edinenie’ [unification] in a specific context was a political marker, as there is a certain specialization of word usage in speeches by representatives of different political forces.

The object of the study is parenthetical constructions, represented in the language by three types — modal, reflexive and appellative. Modal introductory constructions denote the modal status of a proposition. In reflexive introductory constructions, epistemic units act as reflection marking. Appellative introductory constructions have an illocutionary function — the function of influencing the addressee. The purpose of this article is to analyze appellative constructions with epistemic predicates — one of the subclasses of propositional attitude predicates, verbs of knowledge, perception and opinion. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that epistemic predicates play an important role in the processes of communication and argumentation. The results of a comparative analysis of appellative constructions in several languages — Russian, Polish, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, German, English, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese are presented. Particular attention is paid to the comparison of matrix constructions with epistemic predicates, that is, constructions with a dependent clause, and appellative constructions with these predicates. The analysis of translations of foreign texts with matrix constructions into Russian made it possible to conclude that there is a tendency to replace the original matrix constructions with introductory ones, and vice versa, the analysis of translations of texts from Russian with introductory constructions indicates a tendency to replace them with matrix ones.

The linguistic repertoire of the tundra Yukaghir-Polylinguals in Lower Kolyma, Yakutia, with a population of approximately 400 and fewer than 50 speakers, is represented by the Yukaghir, Chukchi, Even, Yakut, and Russian languages. Their speech can be characterized as mixed, including spontaneous code-switching within and between utterances. Our goal is to provide the first description of one of the common cases of code-switching — repetition. It has been established that pronouns, nouns, verbs, as well as introductory words, propositional-nominal constructions, utterances, and their parts can be duplicated. Noun duplicates in both standard and pidginized forms are the most common. Overall, most duplicates are characterized as Yukaghir-Russian. Cases of trilingual duplication are also found. There are no transitions to Chukchi and Even languages during duplication. Intra- and Interphrase realizations of duplicates with dual directionality from one language to another and / or vice versa are noted. As a result of discourse analysis, social-pragmatic functions performed by duplicates have been identified. New linguistic material, in the form of fragments from dialogues and polylogues, transcripts of which have not been previously published, is introduced into scientific circulation.

This research aims to model the concept of the North in Victor Keulkut’s artistic worldview as part of the conceptual sphere of Arctic discourse. The authors of the article analyzed the poems of this Chukotka author. The study of artistic concepts enables the identification of the influence of cultural context on the perception of creative individuals. The relevance of this study lies in its inclusion in the paradigm of cognitive-linguistic research. The concept under investigation belongs to the category of discourse-forming concepts. The continuous sampling method was used to select 540 lexical markers, which were then distributed into nine lexical-semantic thematic groups (LSTG): ‘Industry’ (187 markers), ‘Cold’ (103), ‘Fauna’ (77), ‘Landscape’ (42), ‘Climate’ (42), ‘Sea’ (32), ‘House’ (27), ‘Tundra’ (18), and ‘Flora’ (12). The distribution of markers in LSTG was based on criteria of semantic and thematic similarity. Based on the study, a model of the artistic concept of the North in Victor Keulkut’s poetry was constructed, with the core formed by the LSTG ‘Industry’ (187 markers), the near-nuclear zone containing LSTG ‘Cold’ (103 markers), and the close periphery containing LSTG ‘Fauna’, ‘Landscape’, and ‘Climate’, while the distant periphery was represented by LSTG ‘Sea’, ‘House’, and ‘Tundra’. In analyzing the structure of the concept of the North, a specific component unique to northern linguistic culture was identified, called ‘nordicity’, expressing the idea of northern identity.

The study examines the genre-defining features of the speech genre “reminder” in virtual pedagogical discourse. The relevance of the research is determined by its inclusion in the problems of modern discourse studies (the problem of discursive conditioning of the genre) and virtual pedagogy (the involving of computer technologies as a means and platform for learning in the information-educational environment). Based on T. V. Shmeleva’s genre survey, the genre features of the speech act “reminder” are described, taking into account their determination by communicative-pragmatic conditions in virtual pedagogical communication. It is established that invariant features of the genre include (1) a communicative goal, which is related to the need to activate the addressee’s existing knowledge, and (2) the presence of language markers — syntactic constructions modeled by verbs remind, remember, and don’t forget. The discursive conditioning of the genre is manifested at the level of its dictum content (the sphere of pedagogical communication united by the semantic field “Teaching”), participants in communication (status-oriented roles of communication participants), and those substantial characteristics that are determined by the electronic information carrier (attachment of media files, communication interactivity).

The article examines Charles Robert Maturin’s novel “Melmoth the Wanderer”. The choice of this work is dictated by its undeniable significance for literature as a whole, on the one hand, and the insufficient study of the novel’s text from a textual, particularly intertextual perspective, on the other. In this study, intertextual relationships are divided by type and functional characteristics into intertextual and intercontextual. The first type of relationship serves a referential function, while the second serves a meaning-forming function. Both have common functional units: allusions, quotes, etc. With such a division in mind, an attempt is made to recognize and analyze prospective and retrospective intertextual inclusions encountered in Charles Maturin's novel. The study of these inclusions is based on the fact that the contexts of the novel are layered on top of contexts from well-known and significant works of European literature, including Russian literature: “The Monk” by M. Lewis, “Faust” by J. Goethe, “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin, and others. This research approach allows us to speak of the polyinterpretability of “Melmoth the Wanderer” and to view it through the prism of works created both before and after the novel’s publication.

The article presents some results of the project that is aimed at constructing a mediatised model of the Soviet society in periodicals for children. The data has been drawn from the Pioneer magazine published in the 1970s. This paper focuses on its structure and contents, as well as typical genres that construct the representations of the Soviet society and socio-cultural practices. The degree of ideology is defined that characterises various genres. In terms of methodology, the study draws on constructivism, critical discourse analysis, theory of journalistic genres, theory of speech genres, and semiotic analysis. Genres are interpreted based on their ideological charge, types of socio-cultural practices they represent, and the semiotic resources employed. The findings show that the ideological charge can be graded from being non-existent to dominating the factual information. The ideological component is secondary in genres of popular science and general education, whereas genres that reproduce adults’ institutional socio-political practices demonstrate a high degree of ideological charge, which is conveyed through specific semiotic resources. At the same time, the magazine adapts the representations of Soviet values for adolescents through the use of everyday language and visual images of routine life.

This article examines the functioning of the traditional genre of Russian folklore, specifically the religious legend, through the example of retelling the legend of the city of Kitezh on YouTube. The paper highlights the specifics of video content on YouTube, which can be defined as multimodal texts. The legend is presented in two main types: variants of texts recorded earlier and texts conveying personal verbalized mystical experience of communication with the city of Kitezh (folklore legend). The paper identifies three main types of retelling the previously recorded variants of the legend: brief retellings, expanded retellings with reference to “The Kitezh Chronicler,” and expanded retellings with the addition of other historical, quasi-historical, and mythological elements. The article establishes that these multimodal texts can be distributed into three groups depending on the number of resources used: weak multimodality — using only two resources; medium multimodality — using three or more resources; strong multimodality — using more than 4—5 resources. The article shows that the told / retold legend is a fragment of a more complex multimodal text or cycle of texts.

This article presents an analysis of internet memes in Germany from 2020—2023, focusing on the thematic group “Outsider — Local”. The study examines various characteristics of these memes, such as their place and date of posting, “genetics”, precedent phenomenon, addressing, field structure, object and subject of criticism, interaction of visual and verbal series, patterns of meaning generation, sources of humor, and genre. The article identifies four subgroups of memes, which include criticism of political subjects (in defense of migrants), criticism of political subjects (against migrants), criticism of migrants, and criticism of local ethnic Germans. The study finds that social groups themselves, such as migrants and typical Germans, are the most frequently criticized objects. Additionally, the authorities are criticized for their insufficient or excessive support of migrants, while typical Germans are criticized for their cultural standards. The most frequent subjects of criticism for migrants include their large numbers, low integration into German society, criminal tendencies, pretentiousness, and disrespect for other cultures. The article notes that intercultural memes are infrequent, while borrowed memes that refer to recognizable characters and contemporary precedent phenomena with broad addressing dominate. Finally, the dominant genre varieties are macros and edvices.

This article addresses the transformation of cultural and communicative memory in the digital space of “new media.” A comparative analysis of three classification options for commemoration practices in “new media” is presented, including R. Smith, L. Zamboni, M. Gibson, and K. Carden. The article examines the transformation of mechanisms of social ties offline and online and argues that commemoration practices in “new media” are increasingly based on simulacra and representations in the media that are recognized by users, rather than personal or historical experience. The article also focuses on the problem of nostalgia and argues that its popularity in social networks and video games is related to a longing for stable symbolic and social ties rather than a specific historical period or its aesthetics. Commemoration practices in social networks and video games involve not only digitization but also active modification of old media, built on a dual logic of recognizability of past images and hypermediation that gives players or users a certain degree of freedom to choose affordances.

The article analyzes S. P. Shevyrev’s book ‘Journey to Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery’ and focuses on the geopoetics of the Belozerye region. The novelty of the study lies in its use of geopoetic paradigm as a tool for analysis and its examination of a relatively understudied work. The relevance of the study is due to the growing interest in literary geography. The article presents an exploration of the spatial and sacred imagery of Belozerye as a local text of Russian North. It argues that Shevyrev’s geopoetic image of Belozerye is characterized by two distinctive features: ‘frontier’ and ‘sacredness’. The former highlights the region as a cultural and territorial ‘frontier’ of Russia, while the latter portrays it as a spiritual center, the ‘heart’ of Russian spiritual and religious culture. The authors of the study emphasize that this antinomic pair constitutes a characteristic feature of Belozerye as a local text of Russian culture. The article also examines the poetics of geographical (landscape) and sacred (monastery, church) objects in Shevyrev’s book, emphasizing how the discovery of the value-laden content of geocultural imagery contributes to the formation of artistic generalization.

The relevance of this article lies in the need to construct a comprehensive history of the development of comedy in contemporary Kazakhstani literature, of which the works of Ermek Tursunov are an integral part. The author explores various approaches to the study of irony, satire, and humor, including philosophical (G. Hegel, F. Schlegel), cultural (A. Bergson, B. Dzemidok, M. M. Bakhtin, D. S. Likhachev, Y. Borev, A. M. Panchenko, N. V. Ponyrko, V. Ya. Karasev), and philological (V. Tyupa, V. Propp, M. Yu. Asanina, I. A. Obukhova, S. A. Dubrovskaya). The scientific novelty lies in the fact that Tursunov’s stories are analyzed for the first time in the declared aspect. The research has established that, firstly, irony becomes an important means of comedy in Tursunov’s collection of stories “Karashanyrak”. Secondly, non-direct speech ironically exposes the hero’s surrounding world (“How Kazakhs believed in omens”). Thirdly, there is an orientation towards Chekhov’s humorous tradition (“How Kazakhs received guests”, “How brides became wives”). Fourthly, the writer’s humor relies on national Kazakhstani traditions of comedy embodied in folklore (“How Kazakhs organized noisy performances”). Finally, one of the ways of constructing a comedic plot in Tursunov’s stories is through the synthesis of an anecdote with elements of satire. This study offers new insights into the role of comedy in contemporary Kazakhstani literature and contributes to the broader understanding of humor as a literary device.

The authors of this article aim to contextualize the religious-philosophical ideas of the prominent philosopher of Russian emigration, Ivan Ilyin, with the prose of Ivan Bunin, Boris Zaitsev, and Vladimir Nikiforov-Volgin. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the typological correlation between Ilyin’s ideas about the essential characteristics of national character, manifested in the pursuit of perfection, and the artistic worldview of Russian writers who interpreted life in Russia during periods of social upheaval. The introduction of the insufficiently studied phenomenon of Vladimir Nikiforov-Volgin’s creative work into the field of prose by well-known authors is also an aspect of the novelty of this work. The analysis confirms that the writers perceptively revealed, through various life circumstances, often critical, the ability of people, regardless of their social status or age, to exhibit traits of Christian mercy and selflessness. Equally significant is the ability of individuals to live with a sense of light from Christian faith, despite external circumstances, and to transmit this feeling to others. Actions based on “virtues of the heart and conscience” — these most valuable principles of life according to Ilyin’s thought — are multifacetedly reflected on the pages of the works presented here.

The article examines the specificity of Lermontov’s vision and depiction of the Caucasus world. It reconstructs Lermontov's philosophy of history in the context of the Caucasian War. The study reveals the cultural and historical conditioning of the poet’s imagery and ideas, and the dominant values of the Caucasian world in his artistic heritage. The article focuses on how Lermontov portrays the everyday existence of the highlanders, whose images he sees as representing the natural man in both his attractiveness and his corrupt passions. By depicting the Caucasus world in its natural and cultural uniqueness, Lermontov highlights elements of the highlander's mentality that are close to his own, and notes the convergence of Russian and Caucasian cultures. Reproducing the cultural traditions of the peoples of the North Caucasus, the poet reflects on the interaction between their clan relationships, individualistic elements, and Islamic cultural traditions. The hypothesis of the study is related to the dynamics of Lermontov’s depiction of the significance of Islam in the life of the peoples of the North Caucasus. In his early Caucasian poems, Islam appears as an external attribute of highlander life that has little impact on their consciousness, merging with their clan tradition. In his later works, however, Lermontov begins to understand Islam in its cultural and political function, which, when combined with highlander independence, can contribute to productive state interaction between Russians and the indigenous peoples of the Caucasus.

This article examines Alexander Neverov’s novel ‘Tashkent — the Bread City’ in the context of the tradition of Russian prose about homeless children that emerged in the 1920s. Despite thematic similarities with other works about homeless children created during the same period (such as a protagonist who is left to fend for themselves and forced to find food and learn independence and responsibility), Neverov’s novel stands out due to several key features. Firstly, it is characterized by an abundance of naturalistic descriptions, depicting diseases, hunger, and numerous deaths during the period of the Volga famine without romanticizing the life of little vagabonds. Secondly, the plot unfolds in a fairy tale-like narrative structure, with the road becoming a chronotope — a small protagonist sets out on a distant journey, which is constructed as a series of trials and deprivations that become his initiation and on which he is helped by “magical assistants” (a sister of mercy, a head of an orphanage, and a train driver). Finally, biblical allusions are woven into the narrative, with the symbols of bread, Paradise, and dogs taking on symbolic roles. The journey itself is perceived as a symbolic journey of the soul towards eternal life and Paradise. This article contributes to the research on Russian prose about homeless children in the 1920s and sheds light on the unique features of Neverov’s novel.

This article presents a historical and literary analysis of the epistolary review by the peasant poet Nikolai Klyuev (1884—1937) of the dramatic poem ‘Pugachev’ (1922) by S. A. Yesenin. The review, contained in a letter dated January 28, 1922, has been characterized in literary studies as an “enthusiastic greeting.” However, the authors argue that Klyuev’s evaluation of Yesenin’s poem contains “dark places,” specifically his deliberate omission of the imagist poetics of ‘Pugachev’ and his seemingly unmotivated comparison of Yesenin’s dramatic poem with Pushkin’s tragedy ‘Boris Godunov’. The authors demonstrate that Klyuev believed that ‘Pugachev’, which reflects Yesenin’s rapid growth as a poet, was the result of his connection to the traditions of folk poetry rather than the product of the imagist school. Klyuev’s judgment that Yesenin’s poem was “more necessary and desirable than ‘Boris Godunov’” may appear illogical and paradoxical at first glance, but the authors emphasize that his epistolary review expresses only his personal relationship with the younger poet and does not evaluate the literary merits of the two works. The book ‘Pugachev’, which was sent to Vytegra along with the letter, became a sign of trust from the donor, a gift, a tangible expression of love and friendship from the addressee, and evidence of the spiritual and creative devotion of the student to his teacher. For Klyuev, who sought to restore his relationship with Yesenin, ‘Pugachev’ was “more necessary and desirable” because its content resonated with the idea of sacrificial service to his people, which is a recurring theme in Klyuev’s work.

This article examines the reception of William Shakespeare’s works in the creative output of writer, theorist, and historian of theater Sigizmund Krzhizhanovsky (1887—1950). The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient research on the reception of Shakespeare’s works in Krzhizhanovsky’s legacy, as well as the interpretation of many unexplored, unpublished, or not yet introduced into scientific circulation materials on the topic. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive understanding of Shakespeare’s place in Krzhizhanovsky’s creative activity, including as a translator and theater critic. The list of Krzhizhanovsky’s Shakespearean works and speeches is clarified. Special attention is paid to introducing archival documents, including unpublished translations of Shakespeare’s songs, reports, and documents from various years by Krzhizhanovsky. Based on a number of documents, mentions of Krzhizhanovsky’s reports and projects, a summary table is compiled, including a list of 29 of his works (published, archival unpublished, and not yet discovered but mentioned in various sources), although at present it is believed that only 14 of his works have survived. It is proven that Krzhizhanovsky was a connoisseur and popularizer of Shakespeare, responding to his prose and drama, works on the history of theater and literature, theater criticism, as well as in translation activities.

The article delves into the unique reception of Alexander Herzen’s ‘My Past and Thoughts’ in Chinese literary studies. It is noted that this chronicle has received widespread recognition in China and continues to generate significant interest to this day. It analyzes the reasons, characteristics, and aspects of the Russian classic's influence on Chinese literature in different historical periods. It highlights that the reception of ‘My Past and Thoughts’ by Chinese readers and scholars is determined by two factors: the great value of the work itself and the fact that Herzen’s work met the needs of Chinese society in various historical periods. The article shows that the main feature of the reception of Herzen’s works by Chinese researchers has evolved from socio-political domination to cultural-aesthetic dominance. ‘My Past and Thoughts’ has influenced both the theory and practice of modern Chinese literature, and contemporary Chinese writers have created works inspired by Herzen's approach. For instance, Ba Jin wrote ‘Thoughts’ under the influence of Herzen’s work, while Yu Dafu developed a literary theory of memoirs inspired by it. The authors conclude that Herzen studies in China are pertinent and offer extensive prospects for further research.

The article analyzes the reception of A. I. Solzhenitsyn in Chinese translations and literary studies. The history of Solzhenitsyn’s texts and research on the Russian writer in the Chinese socio-political and cultural context is studied. It is noted that the perception of Solzhenitsyn in China was not exclusively a literary event, but was closely linked to the Sino-Soviet split in the late 1950s. It is established that the translation and study of Solzhenitsyn’s work in China was asynchronous: translations began in the 1960s, while research started in the mid-1980s. An analysis of the political-cultural background and ideological atmosphere during the translation and study of Solzhenitsyn’s work by Chinese scholars is conducted. The evolution of the perception of the writer’s personality and work is shown to have shifted from negative to positive, which is attributed to a change in literary criticism approach from vulgar sociological critique to artistic text critique. It is revealed that with the disappearance of ideological pressure, Chinese academic circles began to differentiate between Solzhenitsyn as a writer and Solzhenitsyn as a political figure. This division has contributed to a more adequate understanding of Solzhenitsyn and his literary legacy. Currently, Chinese scholars highly value Solzhenitsyn’s literary legacy and objectively and rationally relate to his political position and statements.

The article examines the process of transformation of Kalmyk dwellings in the context of the transition of nomadic herders to settled life during the Imperial and Soviet periods. It is noted that felt dwelling (“kibitka”) were built for permanent family residence and had a range of useful functions: accessibility, low cost of materials (felt; with only some details made of wood), and ecological sustainability. The authors report that in the early years of Soviet power, herders began to transition en masse to settled life and independently built new Soviet settlements with houses made of mud and reeds called “mazankas”. The article shows changes in the structural features of dwellings in chronological order, typologizes them, and conducts a comparative analysis. Initially, the nomadic lifestyle of the Kalmyk steppe dwellers necessitated the development of a mobile and reliable shelter in the form of a kibitka. Transitioning to settled life, the Kalmyks adapted to the harsh conditions of the steppe without nomadism and created modern stationary housing made of reed-sand material (compressed reed stems or clay mixed with straw). Currently, many wealthy rural Kalmyks reproduce the Kalmyk felt house — a kibitka — for entertaining guests due to their mental attitudes.

This article examines the establishment of the state concession policy in the USSR during the 1920s, focusing on its objectives and principles, as well as its expansion into the northeastern regions of the Soviet state. The natural resources of the northeastern territories of Russia had attracted the attention of foreign concessionaires since prerevolutionary times, who established a network of trading representations for the procurement and export of furs, mammoth bones, fish, and various raw materials. In the 1920s, the Soviet state conducted significant work to prepare and approve legislative acts regulating concession activities and aimed at strengthening state influence over them. Special bodies were created to address these issues, including foreign trade departments (Vneshtorg), concession commissions (concesscom), and planning commissions. Through agreements between the Soviet government and foreign companies, concession activities began to yield practical results from the mid1920s. The principles on which it was based aimed to direct foreign economic relations towards the reconstruction of the country's economy. Overall, it can be concluded that the concession policy pursued by the USSR in the 1920s proved successful, playing a significant role in the reconstruction of the national economy after the civil war.

The article is dedicated to a common theme in Byzantine literature, with a particular focus on descriptions of battles between warriors and monsters. According to the authors, the reworking of stories about hunting large predators from ancient mythology is characteristic of the Byzantine and partially Western European military traditions from the 10th to 14th centuries. The authors argue that the ideas of rational warfare permeated not only strict military manuals but also hagiographical literature, historical chronicles, heroic epics, and other narratives. Therefore, the incorporation of the archetypal plot of ‘fighting monsters’ into military settings is at the center of this study. The authors demonstrate that ancient battle stories had no place in the strict orders of real actions by regular armies. The article introduces materials from M. Y. Suzyumov’s personal archive into scientific circulation and draws on sigillography data. The article shows that in medieval texts, such short but intense clashes between two opponents are interpreted not only as entertainment or instruction but also in a philosophical sense as an embodiment of the eternal struggle between good and evil.

Import from Germany as a factor in the transportation crisis of the Russian Empire during World War I examines the importation of German transportation vehicles and equipment into Russia during the five years leading up to the First World War. Utilizing statistical data from German customs, this study sheds light on the extent to which German production contributed to Russian imports. Special attention is given to the presence of German automobiles in the Russian automobile fleet by 1914, as well as the consequences of prewar dependence on German machinery and other equipment. New sources, including materials from Russian and German periodicals, German customs statistics, and documents from the Federal Archives of Germany (Bundesarchiv), are introduced to provide a more complete understanding of the transportation crisis of 1916—1917. It is noted that Germanmade automobiles made up a significant portion of the Russian army’s vehicle fleet. The study concludes that dependence on German imports for industrial consumption undermined the potential of Russian industry, preventing it from increasing production sufficiently during the war years to meet transportation needs and contributing to the crisis.

The author of this article examines the process of Irish migration to England in the late 14th to early 15th centuries. Based on an analysis of tax documents, the author identifies entry points, main directions, and centers of migration. The state of Irish colonies in English counties is also explored. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of a comprehensive description of foreign populations in late medieval England and the need to identify the role of the Irish in English society. Statistical and prosopographic analysis of sources allowed for the identification of reasons for the arrival of Irish immigrants in England, as well as the reconstruction of a collective portrait of members of the diaspora from 1394 to 1440. Analysis of license lists showed that internal colonization boundaries included the eastern Midlands and western counties located near entry ports. The author demonstrates that directions of Irish migration were formed based on demand for labor, as well as longstanding connections and the existence of Irish communities in English counties. The author concludes that the preservation of restrictive legislation in local governance and education, as well as attempts to mass deport Irish immigrants back to their homeland, indicate the formation of stable prejudices and intolerance among English subjects towards Irish subjects of the king.

The study examines the processes of development of the Kuban region’s industry and its production problems, which were addressed during the first five-year plans. The study presents the results of a comparative analysis of the industrial potential of the Kuban districts, and raises questions about their identification parameters, including directions of development, reconstruction processes, and outcomes. The study demonstrates that the main factors driving the growth of the region’s industry and the development of new sectors are the use of agricultural resources and their processing, expansion of fuel resources and construction materials, reconstruction, and improvements in technical equipment of enterprises. Special attention is given to the production growth and increased economic status of individual large factories and plants. The novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive analysis of industrial sector development in Kuban and their relationships, production growth, and realization of potential for the most significant enterprises in the context of modernization tasks during the first five-year plans. It is noted that four Kuban districts had traditionally played an important role in the economy, possessing a large raw material base specific to each district. The study shows that during the 1920s-1930s period, Kuban witnessed an increase in industrial production output, establishment of new industries (chemical, canning, machine-building, etc.), development of natural resources, and creation of a resort zone in the Kuban Black Sea region.

This article examines the process of organizing celebratory events for the third anniversary of the October Revolution in the Altai Province. The focus is on the preparatory work, including the planning of festive activities, the coordination of themes for propaganda work, and the distribution of red fabric for making flags, among other things. The relevance of the study lies not only in the interest in the formation of the Soviet holiday calendar but also in the everyday life of the population in Siberia under the policy of ‘prodrazverstka’. By drawing on a wide range of sources, the article identifies the peculiarities of celebrating the third anniversary of the October Revolution, taking into account differences between urban and rural areas. It is determined that in cities, celebratory events were mass-oriented and covered all segments of the population, including parades, performances, and concerts. In rural areas, there were often no events due to weak propaganda work. Visiting individual graves and communal burial sites of those who died fighting for Soviet power became an important element of the holiday. The article concludes that celebrating the anniversary of the October Revolution in Siberia was a key aspect of the propaganda policy in favor of the Soviet state.